The creation and consolidation of PPPs have been the focus of recent efforts in AML/CFT based on the global standards set by the FATF, the consecutive Anti-Money Laundering Directives that apply within the EU, and national AML/CFT regulations. PPPs are promoted mainly as a means to address the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of the existing efforts to combat money-laundering and the financing of terrorism through transaction monitoring and suspicious activity reporting (SAR) by financial institutions.